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2310B-001 Abnormal Psychology
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2310B-001 Abnormal Psychology
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Course Code: 2310B001
University: University Of Western Ontario
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Country: Canada
Question:
Describe about the Abnormal Psychology For the Cognitive Therapy.
Answer:
For an individual living with mental illness, counselling or psychoanalysis may be the only solution. However, another important aspect of psychological well being is self compassion and the ability of an individual to work on himself or herself. In other words, an individual should be willing to get better and feel better, if one is to find a solution to a psychological ailment. One of the most effective methods in that case would be the Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy or MBCT (Gu et al., 2015).
MBCT may be defined as a modified version of cognitive therapy, which would include mindfulness practices like breathing exercises and meditation. The main purpose of MBCT is to help the person practicing it move away from all kinds of negative thoughts which may lead to a downward spiral into major depressive disorder. For instance, if a person has been diagnosed with depression and is on the way to recovery, usage of the MBCT would ensure that the negative thoughts which are associated with depression no longer affect the individuals. MBCT is mainly used in individuals who have recurring fits and episodes of unhappiness and depression. MBCT can help in preventing their relapse (Williams et al., 2014). Another aspect of MBCT is mindfulness based relapse prevention which can be used to treat a number of mental disorders like addictions and anxiety disorders.
When it comes to living with mental ailments, a person should be able to practice certain MBCT techniques, which would help them in the long run. This is because MBCT combines the strategies used in mindfulness training and in cognitive behavioral therapy which would help a person gain deeper insight into their own emotions and thoughts, which would also help them achieve relief in times of distress (Pedrich et al., 2013). It is important to understand how MBCT actually works. Through regular utilization of the MBCT techniques, the factors which trigger depressive thoughts in a person would be interrupted and reduced. Depressive episodes are characterized by sluggishness, weariness, low mood, fatigue, negative thoughts and other such symptoms. Using meditation and mindfulness techniques would thus be beneficial for the person living with mental illness (Kuyken et al., 2016).
The two main methods which can prove to be effective in MBCT would be meditation and mindfulness breathing techniques. One of the major advantages of using meditation as a technique is that it has no harmful side effects, which some drugs may have (Kuyken et al., 2015). The patient would simply have to learn the techniques from an expert and the repeat the same at home. Brooding, anxiety and stress are some of the major causes of depression. Meditating would ensure that these negative thoughts pass by quickly and do not stick around. It would also prevent brooding and instill more positive thoughts in an individual. During meditation, a person is expected to sit still, with his eyes closed and concentrate on the rhythm and pattern of his breathing. Focusing simply on the breathing, instead on the various negative thoughts which may lead to depression. Concentrating on the rhythm of breathing would result in a feeling of detachment, which would help one gain composure. It would help the person realize that negative thoughts usually tend to come and go and there is no need to brood over them (Khoury et al., 2013).
One of the major problems with depression and similar mental ailments is that it takes up a major portion of one’s attention. A person who is suffering from a major depressive disorder is likely to believe that only bad things happen to them and that they are incapable of making progress. Such negative thoughts clouding one’s mind could lead to brooding and fixating on one problem, which would further deepen the issue. However, breathing and focusing on the breathing pattern would ensure that a person is able to concentrate on something apart from the aforementioned negative thoughts (Van der Velden et al., 2015). It would also ensure that the person is able to view his emotions and thoughts from a different, objective perspective, which would provide him or her with better insight.
To conclude, it can be said that MBCT or mindfulness based cognitive therapy is one of the most effective methods of self care and self compassion when it comes to people living with mental disorders. For such people, counselling and psychotherapy may be the only option, but in some cases, they would need to put in individual efforts to get better as well. MBCT is scientifically proven to be effective, since it uses both cognitive behavioral techniques and breathing and relaxation techniques to keep negative thoughts, mood disorders and similar issues at bay.
References:
Gu, J., Strauss, C., Bond, R., & Cavanagh, K. (2015). How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies. Clinical psychology review, 37, 1-12.
Kuyken, W., Hayes, R., Barrett, B., Byng, R., Dalgleish, T., Kessler, D., … & Causley, A. (2015). Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy compared with maintenance antidepressant treatment in the prevention of depressive relapse or recurrence (PREVENT): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 386(9988), 63-73.
Kuyken, W., Warren, F. C., Taylor, R. S., Whalley, B., Crane, C., Bondolfi, G., … & Segal, Z. (2016). Efficacy of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in prevention of depressive relapse: an individual patient data meta-analysis from randomized trials. JAMA psychiatry, 73(6), 565-574.
Perich, T., Manicavasagar, V., Mitchell, P. B., Ball, J. R., & Hadzi?Pavlovic, D. (2013). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness?based cognitive therapy for bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 127(5), 333-343.
Van der Velden, A. M., Kuyken, W., Wattar, U., Crane, C., Pallesen, K. J., Dahlgaard, J., … & Piet, J. (2015). A systematic review of mechanisms of change in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in the treatment of recurrent major depressive disorder. Clinical psychology review, 37, 26-39.
Williams, J. M. G., Crane, C., Barnhofer, T., Brennan, K., Duggan, D. S., Fennell, M. J., … & Shah, D. (2014). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing relapse in recurrent depression: a randomized dismantling trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 82(2), 275.
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