Health And Safety In Health

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Health And Safety In Health

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Health And Safety In Health

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Question:
Discuss about the Health and Safety in Health and Social Care.

Answer:

Introduction
A workplace of any organization is prone to accidents and mishaps, which may affect the health and ability of the workers. Hazards are the issues responsible for occurrence of accidents and work-related ill health. Risk is the likelihood of occurrence of injury of any one in the workplace due to hazard (Hofmann et al. 2017). The report aims to identify the hazards and risks associated with the workers in the aged care centre. In this context, the report addresses the strategies used for identification of hazards. Further, the report discusses the hazards and risks in sufficient details such as source of harm and consequences.
Hazards and the need to eliminate
According to the “Occupational Health and Safety Regulation” hazard is defined as anything that can harm the “health or safety of a person” (AlKhudadi et al. 2014). Hazards are known to arise from the work environment, poor work design, the use of machinery and substance and inappropriate system and procedures. The five main categories of hazards (Al Jarallah and Ahmed 2016) are:

Physical- light, vibration, noise
Chemical- dusts or poisons
Biological- plants, parasites, and viruses
Electrical/mechanical- tools, electrical equipment
Psychological- violence, bullying

Identification of hazard and risk assessment
A hazard can be identified in many ways in a workplace. For this project I have visited the nearest aged care center in my city. I have taken permission from the general manager of the care centre for direct observing and monitoring the injuries. It gave me the opportunity to inspect the workplace and consult the employees and employers. Inspecting the workplace and observation are the best strategy as it helps to clearly identify the cause of risk and hazards (Awaji and Alahmary 2016).

Based on my observation I have identified the following risks in the aged care centre-

HAZARD

TYPICAL PROBLEMS

TYPICAL INJURY/ILLNESS

Handling the patients manually for assisting in daily activities

Overexertion/Repetitive movement of the care workers

Strains, fractures, and sprains while pushing or pulling trolleys
(AlKhudadi et al. 2014)

Falls

The care workers may fall due to trip or slip on uneven surfaces

Bruisses, fractures, dislocations, cuts, and concussion

Electricity

Any contact with the electrical equipments

Electric shock, loss of consciousness, burns to fire, cardiac arrest

Presence of hazardous materials and injury due to spillage

Exposure to harmful chemicals such as acids, solvents, hydrocarbons

vomiting, dizziness, respiratory problems, dermatitis, skin burn

(Alqahtani et al. 2015)

UV radiation and temperature

Radiation exposure during sterilization in laminar air flow, effect of heat during autoclaving medical equipments for the patients, heat or cold from workplace environment

Skin burn, hypothermia,
(McCaughey et al. 2013)

Biological

Care workers are prone to needle stick, exposure to allergens,

Serious allergic reaction, infection, skin rash,

(Al Jarallah and Ahmed 2016)

Occupational violence

physical assault due to patients with manic depressive illness, conflict with patient’s families,

physical injuries, job burnout,
(Fisekovic et al. 2015)

Once the hazards are identified, the next step is to assess the likeliness of the hazards. After identifying and assessing the hazards suitable control measures can be put into place to eliminate the employee’s risk of health and safety.
According to AlKhudadi et al. (2014) the likeliness can be of four types-

Very likely- the identified hazard is very likely to occur any time
Likely- the identified hazard is likely to occur sometime
Unlikely- the hazard may happen but very rarely
Very unlikely- the hazard may probably never happen

In case of the chosen aged care centre the likeliness of identified hazards are-

HAZARD

Likeliness

Handling the patients manually

Very likely

Falls while mopping, vacuuming, transporting materials

Very likely

Electricity

Unlikely

Presence of hazardous materials

Likely

UV radiation and temperature

Unlikely

Biological

Very likely

Occupational violence

Likely

Al-Darrab et al. (2013) highlighted that the risk assessment matrix is an effective strategy where the hazards are rated on the scale of 6, where 1 refers to high risk and 6 refers to low risk. The risk assessment matrix for the aged care centre is give below-

How severely could it hurt or make someone ill

Likeliness of the risk or hazards

++
Very likely

+
Likely

–
Unlikely

– –
Very unlikely

May cause permanent disability of the care workers or ill health

1

(due to fall, handling patient manually and biological hazards)

Long term injury or illness

1
(due to presence of hazardous materials, occupational violence)

Medical attention and several days off work

Need of first aid

Risk management
The risk management aims to control the hazards in the workplace and minimize the risk of injury or illness according to “Occupational and safety Health Act”. There is need for the employers to develop a risk management policy to control, eliminate, or control the risk. The steps of risk management are-

Hazard identification
Risk assessment
Risk control
Monitor and improve the workplace

The first two steps are already completed. Controlling the risk involves eliminating the risk and if not possible minimizes the risk using “substitution, modifications, isolation or controls”. The last resort is the use of personal protective equipment (Alqahtani et al. 2014). Monitor and improvement of the workplace involves reviewing the control measures to ensure their effectiveness and further refine the process. The process of review involves planning and keeping records such as details of workplace inspections, use of checklists, control measures implemented, and conducting health safety audits.

The administrative controls- includes establishing appropriate administrative procedures such as routine maintenance and housekeeping procedure, training on avoiding hazards, job rotation of the care workers to reduce exposure to risk. Some of the policies in Saudi Arabia include “Labour law”
Use of personal protective equipment- may be useful while handling harmful substances such as chemicals, solvents, or use of laminar airflow for sterilization through UV radiation.
Other controls- This may include providing the care workers with sufficient equipments such as stretchers, walkers, or wheelchairs for moving the older patients as this may reduce the risk of manual handling (Awaji and Alahmary 2016).

Conclusion
Conclusively, there is a need of safety plan in the work place as human resources are important asset of the organization. The highest priority of the organization is “wellbeing, safety, and health” of all the employees. All the workers in the organization must be aware of the core problem. If an issue is persistent or not resolved by the administration, the workers should file a report that will ensure reduction of hazards and prevention of accidents in the workplace. The management of the organization should implement “rules, regulations, procedures, and systems” relate to health and safety.

References
Al Jarallah, A.M. and Ahmed, A.S., 2016. Risk management approach of needle stick and sharp injuries among nurses, Saudi Arabia: An interventional study. Journal of The Arab Society for Medical Research, 11(2), p.50.
Al-Darrab, I.A., Gulzar, W.A. and Ali, K.S., 2013. Status of implementation of safety, quality and environmental management systems in Saudi Arabian industries. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 24(3-4), pp.336-354.
AlKhudadi, F., Farahat, F. and AlQarni, A., 2014. Pattern of work risk assessment among physicians in tertiary care hospitals, Taif, Saudi Arabia. Egyptian Journal of Community Medicine, 32(3).
Alqahtani, J.M., Abu-Eshy, S.A., Mahfouz, A.A., El-Mekki, A.A. and Asaad, A.M., 2014. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among health students and health care workers in the Najran region, southwestern Saudi Arabia: The need for national guidelines for health students. BMC public health, 14(1), p.577.
Awaji, M.A. and Alahmary, K., 2016. Analysis of Work-related Injuries among Health Care Workers in Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 15(4).
Fisekovic, M.B., Trajkovic, G.Z., Bjegovic-Mikanovic, V.M. and Terzic-Supic, Z.J., 2015. Does workplace violence exist in primary health care? Evidence from Serbia. The European Journal of Public Health, 25(4), pp.693-698.
Hofmann, D.A., Burke, M.J. and Zohar, D., 2017. 100 Years of Occupational Safety Research: From Basic Protections and Work Analysis to a Multilevel View of Workplace Safety and Risk. The Journal of applied psychology.
McCaughey, D., DelliFraine, J.L., McGhan, G. and Bruning, N.S., 2013. The negative effects of workplace injury and illness on workplace safety climate perceptions and health care worker outcomes. Safety science, 51(1), pp.138-147.

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