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HIST101 American History
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HIST101 American History
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Course Code: HIST101
University: American Military University
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Country: United States
Question:
The purpose of this assignment is to better understand the fundamentals of established, powerful, effective persuasive speakers by examining a speech that they have given. In addition to exploring the historical circumstances that led to the speech, you will be looking at the delivery, organizational, and persuasive techniques that can be found in the speech.
First, choose a public speech to examine. You can find thousands of speeches here in the American Rhetoric Database (http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speechbank.htm), and you must chose one that has a video to be able to fully answer the questions on delivery. You are free to choose a speech that you find most interesting, but the speech must be given by a real person (not a movie speech) and students are not allowed to use the “I Have a Dream” speech by Martin Luther King, Jr. (even though it is an amazing speech, it has been over-analyzed throughout the years.)
Once you have chosen a speech, you will write a 3 to 4 page paper discussing the following:
1. Historical significance of the speech. Discuss the circumstances that led to the speech being given. Why was this the appropriate time to give this particular speech? Why did this person give this speech? Who was the intended audience, and how was it received?
2. Delivery Techniques. What kinds of nonverbal and verbal behaviors is the speaker engaging in, and how does it contribute to the effectiveness of the speech? Is the delivery style that the speaker used effective? Could he or she have been more effective with their body language to better engage their audience? What kind of persona does the speaker project?
3. Organization Techniques. Review the organizational patterns and information on speech outlining in your book (pages 301-311). Talk about the strengths and weaknesses of the way this speech is organized. Include comments on the introduction, body, conclusion, transitions, etc. Was this speech well organized and easy to follow? Did the organization contribute to the audience’s overall understanding/interest in the speech?
4. Persuasive Techniques. Discuss how the rhetorical proofs are used in this speech (ethos, pathos, and logos) and provide specific examples. Which of these proofs is used the most in this speech? Is it effective?
Answer:
Gettysburg Address was delivered by Abraham Lincoln at the time of the American Civil War and it was dedicated to Soldiers National Cemetary at Pennsylvania at the afternoon of November 19, 1863. It was delivered four and half months after the Confederacy was defeated by the Union Armies in the Battle of Gettysburg. Abraham Lincoln gave this speech so that he could reiterate the principle pertaining to human equality that was set by the Declaration of Independence (Americanrhetoric.com). Abraham Lincoln thought that the civil war was not merely a struggle pertaining to the Union but it was fought for the cause of human inequality. According to Lincoln, this speech would prove to be instrumental in in bringing forth freedom for the people and it would help in bringing about equality for the citizens. The speech was given to live audience that was formed by representatives of committee for Consecration of National Cemetary at that of Gettysburg. There were around 15,000 people who had gathered and it comprised of national along with international audience. The New York Times article revealed that the speech was met by applause during the course of the speech (Murray, pp 238). There was a long applause at the end of the speech that shows that the speech was received well by the audience.
The speaker Abraham Lincoln has made use of eye contact for persuading the audience. It is important to move the people so that they will be able to understand the value of war and the freedom that it can bring about. The making of eye contact can help in encouraging the people that can help in making the speech more effective. The open body pose adopted by Abraham Lincoln portrayed a picture of dignity and poise. It can help in making the people feel that their welfare will be addressed and they would be able to live a life of more dignity if certain changes are brought about in the current state of the country. The speaker was leaning his body in the forward direction that shows that he was eager to work for the betterment of life of the people. The delivery style was greatly effective as it brought about a lot of applause for the audience. The speaker projects a persona who is confident and who is willing to give his life for serving the people. The manner of his speaking exudes poise and confidence that can help in providing a positive picture for the people.
The strengths of the speech lie in the fact that it talked about the ideal state of the nation which was conceived in the form of liberty that can help in providing hope for the people. It helped the people in reminiscing about their past glorious state that can help them in restoring the ideal time. The strength of the speech is on account of the fact that the field was referred to that helped in evoking memories of the Battle of Gettysburg that was fought at the time of the American Civil War (Fleming, pp 187). The speech helped in endowing respect on the Union soldiers and honour them. The weakness of the speech was owing to the fact that it was short (2 minutes) and a longer speech could have helped in engaging the audience even more. The speech was well organized and the starting focussed on the glorious nation of the country. The current situation prevailing in the country has then been brought out with the help of the Gettysburg Speech of Abraham Lincoln. The speech then communicates to the people that it is the responsibility of the people to understand the sacrifices for liberty that have been done by people before (Charney, pp 318). The people should always remember that and work along the lines that can help in ensuring equality and freedom for the people.
The rhetorical proofs that have been used in the course of the speech of Abraham Lincoln are that of ethos, pathos along with logos. Abraham Lincoln stated the fact that slavery should be abolished and he proposed compensation emancipation in the early years pertaining to his presidency. He had been able to create a distinct position of himself and on the basis of this authority he appealed to the people who had assembled at the place. The respect that he had built among the people can move people and make the common people follow his words. Pathos have been brought out in the speech of Abraham Lincoln owing to the fact that he appealed to the emotions of the audience as he talked about the glorious past of America. He mentioned how their forefathers had fought for the sake of preserving the freedom of the people (Kibler, Aída Walqui, and George, pp 10). Abraham Lincoln pointed out in the course of the speech that it is the responsibility of those who are living to honour the dead by taking recourse to suitable actions that can help in uplifting the condition of the country. Logos was utilised by Abraham Lincoln in his speech because he appealed to the sense of logic of the people. He stated that since in the past wars have been waged in order to bring freedom for the people so the common people should continue to strive hard to uphold freedom in the society. Among the rhetorical proofs, the one that has been used most in the course of the speech pertains to pathos as emotion have been taken recourse to stir the deep emotions among the people.
References:
Americanrhetoric.com. “Online Speech Bank – Index Of Speeches A-F – Transcripts Audio Video.” Americanrhetoric.com. N.p., 2018. Web. 12 July 2018.
Charney, Davida. “The Short and the Long of It: Rhetorical Amplitude at Gettysburg.” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 21.2 (2018): 317-342.
Fleming, Maelee. “Lincoln the Profiler: Combining a Poet’s Voice and a Rhetorician’s Argument to Unite a Nation and Strive for Progress.” The Student Researcher: A Phi Alpha Theta Publication 2.1 (2017): 4.
Kibler, Amanda K., Aída Walqui, and George C. Bunch. “Transformational opportunities: Language and literacy instruction for English language learners in the Common Core era in the United States.” TESOL Journal 6.1 (2015): 9-35.
Murray, Jennifer M. “The Long Shadow of Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address by Jared Peatman, and: Across the Bloody Chasm: The Culture of Commemoration among Civil War Veterans by M. Keith Harris.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 140.2 (2016): 238-240.
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