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INF80040 Knowledge Management And Analytics
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INF80040 Knowledge Management And Analytics
0 Download4 Pages / 924 Words
Course Code: INF80040
University: Swinburne University Of Technology
MyAssignmentHelp.com is not sponsored or endorsed by this college or university
Country: Australia
Question:
Case Study
The Reserve Bank of New Zealand is wholly owned by the New Zealand Government and serves as the nation’s central bank. Towards the end of the 1990s, with the rapid advances in technology and the accompanying shift to a global community, the Bank began to experience a slight rise in the level of staff departures. Initially, staff were leaving from predominantly operational areas where the loss of knowledge was not as critical. In these areas, much knowledge had been captured through documented processes and procedures. However, when staff concerned with policy started leaving, it became critical to consider how to deal with this potential loss of knowledge.
As a policy-making organisation, the Bank had always been reasonably good at sharing information. When any development was taking place, it was normal practice for information to be readily exchanged with problems arising only where previous actions had been forgotten about, or staff members had left the organisation and, as a result, the information was not readily accessible. However, despite this seemingly strong knowledge-sharing practice, there was still a culture of structural silos within the organisation, with little boundary crossing between departments. This was emphasised in the policy areas where staff members were closeted in offices and were rarely seen to leave other than at lunchtime or at the end of the day.
Concurrent to the increasing level of staff turnover and problems arising from structural silos, the Bank was going through an organisational “rightsizing” program. There was also growing interest in knowledge management within the wider environment at a national level from the government and public sector as well as within commercial and academic circles.
The nature of the work of the Reserve Bank was such that it required a range of specialist skill sets that were not readily available within New Zealand. This was mainly due to the fact that each country has only one central bank, and therefore does not have a large pool of individuals with the specialist skill sets, such as macro-economics and banking supervision, that are required. Consequently, recruitment of staff was effectively limited to a global pool of specifically skilled labour drawn from central banks around the world. In addition to the scarcity of skill sets, the average length of service at the Reserve Bank was more than nine years. During this time, staff members accumulated an extensive knowledge of the Bank and its operations, resulting in a very high exposure to loss of knowledge on the departure of key staff. As a consequence of this exposure and of the “rightsizing” program that the Bank was then undergoing, the Bank recognised that it needed to take action to minimise the risk of knowledge loss.
One of the most significant steps in the Bank’s journey to knowledge management was the establishment of the Knowledge Services Group. This group, comprising staff from across the organisation, was charged with identifying the importance of knowledge management for the Bank that included:
People to Knowledge. This category consisted of infrastructure-type activities aimed at improving knowledge repositories as well as making them easier to access.
People to People. This category was identified primarily as a culture issue and focused on sharing the experience and knowledge of staff and making it easily accessible through maintaining and developing contact networks.
Institutionalise Knowledge. While the Bank was good at capturing decisions, it was not always as efficient in its responses to them. For example, the thinking that went into its decisions, the alternatives discussed, and market reactions were not always captured. Consequently, there was little learning captured for reuse.
Collaborative Culture. The intent of this was to change the culture so that sharing became second nature within the organisation, and as a consequence, moved away from the view that “knowledge is power” to one of “knowledge sharing is power.”
Question
1. Explain how knowledge might be created at The Reserve Bank of New Zealand through Nonaka’s Model of Organisational Knowledge Creation (also known as SECI model).
Must cover two modes in the SECI model
2. Critically analyse the case study to identify the most appropriate Knowledge Management Approach (Codification, Personalisation or Hybrid) for The Reserve Bank of New Zealand.
3. Based on the cases study, identify two (2) Knowledge Management Tools that could be used to promote knowledge transfer. Describe the tools and justify your selection.
4. Critically evaluate these two (2) Knowledge Management Tools (from Question 3), with particular reference to the concepts of Velocity and Viscosity.
Answer:
Knowledge Management and Analytics
1. The two appropriate modes of knowledge creation for The Reserve Bank of New Zealand are socialization and externalization of the SECI model.
In the socialization mode, tactic knowledge will be shared through practice, guidance, imitation, and formal communities. The process will further entail the creation of virtual or physical spaces where individuals will further interact on a social level (Panahi, Watson, and Partridge, 2013). Seen as tactic knowledge comprises a set of skills that cannot be transferred to another person either verbally or in written form. Moreover, the mode is in line with the knowledge sharing policy of the organization.
Externalization, on the other hand, involves the conversion of tactic knowledge to explicit concepts such as manuals and documents (Chatti, Klamma, Jarke, and Naeve, 2007). This mode is vital to the bank since tactic information is highly internalized, but through the process it will be shared to other personnel through explicit forms. The codified information will also be accessible to new and future employees that will be recruited by The Reserve Bank.
2. The codification approach is the most suitable form of knowledge management for The Reserve Bank of New Zealand. According to Schulz, and Jobe, (2001), the approach entails the recording and storing of knowledge in explicit forms such as databases supported by ICT. In this case, ICT is used to store and retrieve the information.
Based on the case study, there are two main impediments to knowledge management within the organization namely staff turnover and high demand for a range of specialists skill sets. In the first case, the rate of turnover is largely influenced by the rightsizing program that the organization was implementing whereby veteran employees left the organization for several reasons including the introduction of technology and prolonged service to the bank after an average tenure of nine years. With their departure, the bank is required to employ new personnel who then occupy the vacant positions. The challenge, however, is the fact that the new workers are not as versed as the veteran personnel with company information and processes that are critical to the daily operations of the organization. Though the bank has a strong policy of knowledge sharing, it is nonetheless limited by the fact that knowledge sharing is departmental. This means that critical information in a certain department is restricted to employees within the department. Nevertheless, with codification, the organization can retain its policy of knowledge sharing where information is shared within the department while ensuring that new employees can still access past and developing knowledge.
Owing to the fact that each country has only one central bank, there is a high demand for personnel with a specialized set of skills as a key resource to the operations within the organization. Such individuals are however limited to a certain pool of individuals, therefore, there is increased competition among central banks to recruit personnel with such knowledge. In spite of recruiting these staff, The Reserve Bank of New Zealand is limited by the average length of service within the bank that lasts for more than nine years. If an individual seeks to leave the organization before the nine year period lapses the bank will suffer loss of critical information. However, with the codification approach, the bank can retain critical information to problems that can be availed to the new set of personnel. This further implies that the departure of a worker will not leave a gap in knowledge management and sharing as new employees can familiarize themselves with information that will be availed in repositories such as databases and handbooks.
3. The two suitable knowledge management tools for The Reserve Bank are content repository and social software.
Content repository comprises tools that allow workers to manage and share information with the organization including social and web content and documents (Alwert, and Hoffmann, 2003). In light of the right sizing program as well as employee turnover, the tool will be beneficial to the bank because it will ensure that vital information is still retained by the bank. Hence, new and future workers will have access to the information therefore allowing them to execute their duties effectively.
Social software includes tools that enable socialization of knowledge whereby knowledge will not only be shared among employees, but also stored for future reference. The use of these tool will facilitate sharing of knowledge between veteran and new employees. This will ensure that new employees can successfully complete operations within the organization even when veteran personnel leave the bank.
4. Content repository: in regards to velocity, this tool ensures that information is readily and speedily obtained by the user in time as it is already available in tangible forms. It is also highly viscous since it contains detailed information or knowledge pertinent to the bank.
Social software: in terms of velocity, this tools transfers information speedily and it is equally viscous because individuals easily obtain tactic knowledge.
References
Alwert, K. and Hoffmann, I., 2003. Knowledge management tools. In Knowledge Management (pp. 114-150). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Chatti, M.A., Klamma, R., Jarke, M. and Naeve, A., 2007, July. The Web 2.0 driven SECI model based learning process. In Advanced Learning Technologies, 2007. ICALT 2007. Seventh IEEE International Conference on (pp. 780-782). IEEE.
Panahi, S., Watson, J. and Partridge, H., 2013. Towards tacit knowledge sharing over social web tools. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(3), pp.379-397.
Schulz, M. and Jobe, L.A., 2001. Codification and tacitness as knowledge management strategies: an empirical exploration. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 12(1), pp.139-165.
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