Tutor Quora

NRSG258 Acute Care Nursing 1

Academic Anxiety?

Get an original paper within hours and nail the task

156 experts online

Free Samples

NRSG258 Acute Care Nursing 1

.cms-body-content table{width:100%!important;} #subhidecontent{ position: relative;
overflow-x: auto;
width: 100%;}

NRSG258 Acute Care Nursing 1

0 Download8 Pages / 1,989 Words

Course Code: NRSG258
University: Australian Catholic University

MyAssignmentHelp.com is not sponsored or endorsed by this college or university

Country: Australia

Question:
A highly focused discussion is presented, demonstrating strong critical thinking and reasoning skills: knowledge, understanding, application, analysis, synthesis & evaluation.
 
Comprehensive and appropriate prioritisation is demonstrated in all instances. Strong and clear rationales are provided to support all arguments.
 
There is strong and comprehensive evidence of both depth and breadth of reading relating to the case study patient’s pre-existing medical condition, surgical procedure and care in the acute setting.
 
All arguments and rationales within the discussion supported by high quality literature; including original research, systematic reviews & current journal articles.
Answer:
Introduction:

Post-Operative care is an important activity since the patient is given the needed care after surgery which involves monitoring and managing the vital signs to prevent complications. The post-operative care mostly involves assessment of vital signs such as temperature, pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation and respiratory rate. This article will evaluate the case study of Cynthia who has undergone a surgery to remove fibroids. The article will include the aetiology and pathophysiology of fibroids, Cynthia’s postoperative vital signs, an evaluation of the normal ranges of the vital signs and priorities of safe care as well as referrals.
Aetiology And Pathophysiology
Fibroids are non-cancerous growths that develop in the uterus that can occur during the childbearing years of a woman. Fibroids are classified according to their location. Submucosal fibroids are found bulging into the cavity of the uterine. The intramural fibroids are found inside the uterine wall muscles. Subserosal fibroids are found as projections outside the uterus.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for fibroids include; obesity, race as black women are more susceptible, early onset of puberty, environmental factors and a family history of fibroids
Causes
Genetic changes – The genes that are found in fibroids are different from those found in normal uterine cells.
Growth factors – Substances such as insulin-like growth factor affects the growth of fibroids.
Hormones – Progesterone and Estrogen play a role in the development of fibroids as evident when fibroids shrink after menopause due to the reduction of hormone production.
Signs And Symptoms
Excessive menstrual bleeding
Extended periods
Pain or pressure in the pelvis
Frequent urination
Constipation
Unable to empty the bladder
Treatment; Medication (alpha blockers such as terazosin and reductase inhibitors like finasteride), lifestyle changes and removal of the whole fibroid.
Aetiology And Pathophysiology Of Cynthia’s Post-Operative Vital Signs And How They Link To The Presenting Condition
The primary causes of complications and death after a major surgery such as the one Cynthia has undergone for the removal of fibroids are due to cardiovascular, acute pulmonary and fluid derangements. During the post-operative period, Cynthia experienced changes in her vital signs whereby the affected vital signs include; temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and the systolic blood pressure.
Increase in Temperature (Fever)
The increase in Cynthia’s temperature is due to the inflammatory processes that are involved in the wound healing process after her surgery. Therefore, the fever that she experiences is of non-infectious origin. The inflammatory mechanisms that are responsible for her post-operative fever involve the damage that is as a result of phospholipids that originate from the membranes of the cell which leads to the cascade of cytokines as well as prostaglandins hence resulting to the elevation of the body temperatures.
Increase In Heart Rate
Cynthia’s heart rate increases during the post-operative period. The elevated preoperative heart rate is usually associated with the healing process as the heart tries to work harder than normal so that blood, nutrients, oxygen and defence cells can be delivered to the site of healing. Therefore this is etiological and pathophysiological of the increased heart rate that Cynthia experiences.
Blood Pressure
Cynthia has an elevated blood pressure due to the pathophysiological changes that have occurred in terms of venous return, cardiac heart rate and the systemic vascular resistance.
Decreased Respiratory Rate
After the surgery, Cynthia experiences reduced respiratory rate due to the general anaesthesia that she was placed on and the mechanical ventilation, therefore, weakens the pulmonary function. The anaesthesia also reduces Cynthia’s residual capacity and also leads to hypoventilation and ventilation-perfusion mismatch which results in postoperative hypoxemic events.
Reduced Oxygen Saturation (Hypoxemia)
There are numerous possibilities that could have caused Cynthia’s reduced oxygen saturation. As stated above, decreased respiratory rate can reduce the amount of oxygen in the body in the post-operative periods (Cruikshanks & Dobbs, 2015; Hall, 2015). The other possibility is that Cynthia is still under the effect of the neuromuscular blockers or sedation. The reduced oxygen saturation can be due to fluid overload prior to the surgery or due to the small atelectasis that is formed during the surgery. To a lesser extent, hypoxemia can be due to the reactive inflammation of the airways to the endotracheal tube due to the anaesthetic gases.
Normal Vital Signs
According to Mok, Wang and  Liaw, (2015), vital signs reflect the vital body functions in terms of the heartbeat, temperature, blood pressure, oxygen concentration and breathing rates. The normal vital signs changes with the overall health of an individual (VanPutte, Regan & Russo,2017) hence the variations seen in the case of Cynthia after the surgery. The discussion below will present the normal ranges for a healthy individual in a resting state.
Temperature
The bodily temperatures are as a result of the difference between the heat produced and the heat loss. The normal body temperature of an adult is 36.7 to 37.0 degrees Celsius (McGinnis, Malphrus & Blumenthal, 2015) with some small, trivial and normal variations in children (McEwen & Karatsoreos, 2015). Temperatures can be taken at various sites such as axillae, ear, mouth, rectum, temporal area and the forehead depending on the kind of thermometer used.
Respirations
Respiratory rate is assessed as well as monitored by inspecting the rise and fall of the chest and abdomen. The respiratory rate can also be assessed by placing a hand on the chest or abdomen to monitor and assess the rate, depth, regularity and also the quality of the patient’s respiration. The normal respiratory rate of an adult ranges from 12 to 18 breaths per minute (Kleinman et al. 2015).
Heart Rate (Pulse Rate)
The heart rate is assessed with auscultation and palpation. The peripheral heart rates are assessed bilaterally with palpation. The peripheral pulses include popliteal pulse, radial pulse, branchial, dorsal pedis, posterior tibial pulse and femoral pulse. In palpation, the index finger and the middle finger are used to count the number of beats per minute and asses the quality of the pulse in terms of volume, regularity and other characteristics. The normal pulse rate of a healthy individual range from 60 to 100 beats per minute (Adib, FMao, Kabelac, Katabi & Miller, 2015).
Blood Pressure
When the human heart beats, it pumps the blood through the blood vessels throughout the body to give it energy as well as the oxygen it requires. The blood presses on the walls of the blood vessels as it moves from the heart to other parts of the body. The strength that is generated is referred to as the blood pressure. Blood pressure reduces or increases in various conditions, for instance, in the case of Cynthia, the blood pressure reduced after the surgery. The normal blood pressure of an adult in a resting state ranges from 90/60 mmHg to 120mmHg (Barrett, Barman, Boitano & Brooks, 2016).
Vital Signs Influenced by Their Co-Morbidities and Lifestyle
The body temperatures are impacted by stress, inflammation, circadian rhythm, surgery, hormonal changes and the external environment. A reduced respiratory rate can be experienced due sedation, secondary to fever, anxiety among others as witnessed in the case of Cynthia while increased respiratory rate can be due to physical activity and exercises. Increased blood pressure can be as a result of environmental factors such as unhealthy lifestyle, poor diet, lack of physical activity and obesity. Reduced blood pressure can result after a surgical procedure as seen in the case of Cynthia whereby complications such as venous return, cardiac heart rate and the systemic vascular resistance occur. Increased heart rate can be caused by physical activity and exercise while reduced heart rate can be due to heart failure. If these vital signs are not corrected they can lead to loss of function or even death.
The causes of all her symptoms if taken together
The symptoms experienced by Cynthia are as a result of complications that occur after a surgical procedure. The causes of these symptoms include; Reaction to anaesthesia and sedation, breathing problems due to the sedation, infection leading to inflammation, bleeding among others (Pritts, Parker, Brown & Olive, 2015).
The Normal Hourly Urine Output
The range of normal hourly urine output is between 34 to 100 millilitres per hour with a normal and constant fluid intake of 0.08 litres per hour (Modell et al. 2015). Cynthia has reduced urine output post-operative due to fluid and blood loss and the response of the adrenal cortex to stress.
Priorities of Care (Safe Care)/Nursing Interventions
The priority of care for Cynthia 1 hour after myomectomy include stopping of bleeding, pain management and prevention of infection. The other immediate care priority/safe care is anaesthesia reversal and extubating. The vital signs also need to be monitored and managed and the level of consciousness assessed.
The abnormal signs that are recorded in the case of Cynthia have to be quickly addressed and managed. The vital signs need to be reviewed and obtained as per the facility policy. Airways should be cleared and the sedation reversed to ensure effective respiration. Medication to be given to prevent infection as well as to reduce the fever.
Referrals
In Australia, The Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) involves the management of the patient by various specialists in the healthcare sector in the management of a patient (Australian Care Search, 2018). In the case of Cynthia, a nurse, a therapist and a social worker should be assigned to ensure that the catheters are correctly placed and that dressing of the wound is done properly to avoid infections and help in other aspects of recovery.
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it is evident that fibroids are serious medical conditions that need urgent surgical intervention. The article has also highlighted the importance of assessing vital signs which include; prevention of complications, reduces chances of an infection and restoring of normal body functions. Therefore, the post-operative care should be taken into consideration in the case of Cynthia and other patients who undergo surgical procedures. Safe care should be practised and referrals correctly did to ensure better outcomes and safety in the recovery of the patient.
References
Adib, F., Mao, H., Kabelac, Z., Katabi, D., & Miller, R. C. (2015, April). Smart homes that monitor breathing and heart rate. In Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 837-846). ACM.
Australian Care Search, (2017). Multidisciplinary Team. Available Online At: https://www.caresearch.com.au/caresearch/tabid/1474/Default.aspx/ Accessed On 30 August 2018.
Barrett, K. E., Barman, S. M., Boitano, S., & Brooks, H. L. (2016). The heart as a pump. Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 25e Eds KE Barrett et al.
Cruikshanks, C., & Dobbs, P. (2015). Basic Physiology for Anaesthetists.
Ganong, W. L. (2016). Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology. (KE Barret, SM Barman. S. Boitano. & HL Brooks. Eds.) USA.
Hall, J. E. (2015). Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology e-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Kleinman, M. E., Brennan, E. E., Goldberger, Z. D., Swor, R. A., Terry, M., Bobrow, B. J., … & Rea, T. (2015). Part 5: adult basic life support and cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality: 2015 American Heart Association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation, 132(18 suppl 2), S414-S435.
McEwen, B. S., & Karatsoreos, I. N. (2015). Sleep deprivation and circadian disruption: stress, allostasis, and allostatic load. Sleep medicine clinics, 10(1), 1-10.
McGinnis, J. M., Malphrus, E., & Blumenthal, D. (Eds.). (2015). Vital signs: core metrics for health and health care progress. National Academies Press.
Modell, H., Cliff, W., Michael, J., McFarland, J., Wenderoth, M. P., & Wright, A. (2015). A physiologist’s view of homeostasis. Advances in physiology education, 39(4), 259-266.
Mok, W. Q., Wang, W., & Liaw, S. Y. (2015). Vital signs monitoring to detect patient deterioration: An integrative literature review. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 21, 91-98.
Pritts, E. A., Parker, W. H., Brown, J., & Olive, D. L. (2015). Outcome of occult uterine leiomyosarcoma after surgery for presumed uterine fibroids: a systematic review. Journal of minimally invasive gynecology, 22(1), 26-33.
VanPutte, C. L., Regan, J. L., & Russo, A. (2017). Seeley’s anatomy & physiology. McGraw-Hill Education.

Free Membership to World’s Largest Sample Bank

To View this & another 50000+ free samples. Please put
your valid email id.

E-mail

Yes, alert me for offers and important updates

Submit 

Download Sample Now

Earn back the money you have spent on the downloaded sample by uploading a unique assignment/study material/research material you have. After we assess the authenticity of the uploaded content, you will get 100% money back in your wallet within 7 days.

UploadUnique Document

DocumentUnder Evaluation

Get Moneyinto Your Wallet

Total 8 pages

PAY 5 USD TO DOWNLOAD

*The content must not be available online or in our existing Database to qualify as
unique.

Cite This Work
To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below:

APA
MLA
Harvard
OSCOLA
Vancouver

My Assignment Help. (2020). Acute Care Nursing 1. Retrieved from https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/nrsg258-acute-care-nursing-1/cynthias-case-Study.html.

“Acute Care Nursing 1.” My Assignment Help, 2020, https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/nrsg258-acute-care-nursing-1/cynthias-case-Study.html.

My Assignment Help (2020) Acute Care Nursing 1 [Online]. Available from: https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/nrsg258-acute-care-nursing-1/cynthias-case-Study.html[Accessed 18 December 2021].

My Assignment Help. ‘Acute Care Nursing 1’ (My Assignment Help, 2020) accessed 18 December 2021.

My Assignment Help. Acute Care Nursing 1 [Internet]. My Assignment Help. 2020 [cited 18 December 2021]. Available from: https://myassignmenthelp.com/free-samples/nrsg258-acute-care-nursing-1/cynthias-case-Study.html.

×
.close{position: absolute;right: 5px;z-index: 999;opacity: 1;color: #ff8b00;}

×

Thank you for your interest
The respective sample has been mail to your register email id

×

CONGRATS!
$20 Credited
successfully in your wallet.
* $5 to be used on order value more than $50. Valid for
only 1
month.

Account created successfully!
We have sent login details on your registered email.

User:

Password:

Are you one of those students who have no idea how to write an annotated bibliography? There is nothing to ashamed about it. However, it is essential to have detailed knowledge of the different bibliography format before writing an assignment. In case, you are not able to procure the required information, you should ask the experts at MyAssignmenthelp.com for authentic annotated bibliography format. Over 5000 qualified and experienced writers provide day long service to help you achieve exemplary grades in the assignments. They are aware of the different annotated bibliography styles like Chicago, Vancouver etc.

Latest Management Samples

div#loaddata .card img {max-width: 100%;
}

MPM755 Building Success In Commerce
Download :
0 | Pages :
9

Course Code: MPM755
University: Deakin University

MyAssignmentHelp.com is not sponsored or endorsed by this college or university

Country: Australia

Answers:
Introduction
The process of developing a successful business entity requires a multidimensional analysis of several factors that relate to the internal and external environment in commerce. The areas covered in this current unit are essential in transforming the business perspective regarding the key commerce factors such as ethics, technology, culture, entrepreneurship, leadership, culture, and globalization (Nzelibe, 1996; Barza, 2…
Read
More

SNM660 Evidence Based Practice
Download :
0 | Pages :
8

Course Code: SNM660
University: The University Of Sheffield

MyAssignmentHelp.com is not sponsored or endorsed by this college or university

Country: United Kingdom

Answers:
Critical reflection on the objective, design, methodology and outcome of the research undertaken Assessment-I
Smoking and tobacco addiction is one of the few among the most basic general restorative issues, particularly to developed nations such as the UK. It has been represented that among all risk segments smoking is the fourth driving purpose behind infections and other several ailments like asthma, breathing and problems in the l…
Read
More
Tags:
Australia Maidstone Management Business management with marketing University of New South Wales Masters in Business Administration 

BSBHRM513 Manage Workforce Planning
Download :
0 | Pages :
20

Course Code: BSBHRM513
University: Tafe NSW

MyAssignmentHelp.com is not sponsored or endorsed by this college or university

Country: Australia

Answer:
Task 1
1.0 Data on staff turnover and demographics
That includes the staffing information of JKL industries for the fiscal year of 2014-15, it can be said that the company is having problems related to employee turnover. For the role of Senior Manager in Sydney, the organization needs 4 managers; however, one manager is exiting. It will make one empty position which might hurt the decision making process. On the other hand, In Brisba…
Read
More

MKT2031 Issues In Small Business And Entrepreneurship
Download :
0 | Pages :
5

Course Code: MKT2031
University: University Of Northampton

MyAssignmentHelp.com is not sponsored or endorsed by this college or university

Country: United Kingdom

Answer:
Entrepreneurial ventures
Entrepreneurship is the capacity and willingness to develop, manage, and put in order operations of any business venture with an intention to make profits despite the risks that may be involved in such venture. Small and large businesses have a vital role to play in the overall performance of the economy. It is, therefore, necessary to consider the difference between entrepreneurial ventures, individual, and c…
Read
More
Tags:
Turkey Istanbul Management University of Employee Masters in Business Administration 

MN506 System Management
Download :
0 | Pages :
7

Course Code: MN506
University: Melbourne Institute Of Technology

MyAssignmentHelp.com is not sponsored or endorsed by this college or university

Country: Australia

Answer:
Introduction
An operating system (OS) is defined as a system software that is installed in the systems for the management of the hardware along with the other software resources. Every computer system and mobile device requires an operating system for functioning and execution of operations. There is a great use of mobile devices such as tablets and Smartphones that has increased. One of the widely used and implemented operating syste…
Read
More
Tags:
Australia Cheltenham Computer Science Litigation and Dispute Management University of New South Wales Information Technology 

Next

Need an essay written specifically to meet your requirements?

Choose skilled experts on your subject and get an original paper within your deadline

156 experts online

Your time is important. Let us write you an essay from scratch

Tips and Tricks from our Blog

11174 Introduction To Management

Free Samples 11174 Introduction To Management .cms-body-content table{width:100%!important;} #subhidecontent{ position: relative; overflow-x: auto; width: 100%;} 11174 Introduction

Read More »