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PHIL201 Introduction To Philosophy
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PHIL201 Introduction To Philosophy
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Course Code: PHIL201
University: Simon Fraser University
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Country: Canada
Question:
Well a number of solutions have been suggested to this problem, and you’re going to see these later on as PowerPoint presentation that you’ll watch this week that will talk about some of the solutions. Basically though, we can take the solutions and put them into three basic categories. Some solutions want to make— maintain substance dualism, that we have these two different things called mind and body, and simply try to come up with some way of explaining of how the mind can cause the body to do things, and how the body can cause the mind to do things in some way or another. How can we explain what looks like a causal relationship there?
Now, did I think about any of that? No. Not at all. A matter of fact, I just thought about a song and I just sang the song I wanted to sing. My body almost did that automatically, but a whole bunch of physical things occurred there on the basis of a mental event and idea. I just want to sing a song. How did that happen? That is a real mystery. Not only does my mind seem to affect my body, but it seems to also go the other way around. My body seems to have an effect on my mind. If I take certain drugs, alcohol for example, we become inebriated. That actually affects our mental life, our thoughts and our ideas. If you’ve ever seen somebody who’s been drunk or inebriated, their whole personality changes. Maybe they become happy and giddy, maybe they become sad and depressed, or something like that. Their mind is actually affected by the chemical reaction that is occurring in their brain.
And the problem basically is this: How can these two essentially different things relates together? Now, by saying essentially different, we mean in essence they are different. One is made of matter (physical stuff) and one is not made of matter and physical stuff. And how can these two things relate together?
How does that occur? That’s the mystery, that’s where it is, okay? There is a cause of relationship and it’s hard to figure the cause of relationship. Now in order to truly understand this mystery, we need to understand nature of causality a little bit here, okay? What do we mean when something causes something to occur? Well, every causal event has basically three factors involved in it. I’m going to illustrate it by using this cup [picks up cup], okay? If I want this cup to fall over, if I want it to fall over, there’s three things that have to be involved. First of all, there is something that we call contiguity. Contiguity simply means contact.
Answer:
Views exhibited by Picard and Maddox
The position of Picard with regard to His robotic friend is that Data, is a being hence should ought to be capable to make his choices like a genuine individual. His clear perspective of the brain/body problem is that your mind does not get alienated from the body, eventually, Picard has faith in a materialistic view of the paradox. Picard refers to Data as beings similar to a based on how he thinks; to be a thinking human being with respect to the manner you think, you should have the equivalent mental ability. Data, similar to people, just has a brain, a mind that makes a mental idea (Van Oudenhove & Cuypers, 2010). Data’s brain, similar to each other human has a self-working PC that operates it. Maddox alludes a different perspective from Picard in his defense in the min/body situation, which perhaps has caused their disagreement on how to approach the Data case. Maddox presents the view both the body and mind exists in a dualistic nature. To him, this is the fundamental definition of human being and how we are shaped. Maddox trusts that man exhibits a dualistic nature, Data cannot be distinguished as Human being since it has only one part, the brain but no mind. Moreover, Human have spirits while machines don’t, more specifically defines Maddox’s definitive position (Jaworski, 2016).
Reflection of Treating Machines “ethically”
Humans will not be obligated to treat machines morally. A.I. becomes conceivable, will there be commitments to make machines behave “morally? “I disagree. In the long run, I don’t figure man to make any commitments to work with machines with a similar regard and utmost nobility that can be merited by different people. Why? Because, machines we create does not resemble God’s image since they lack a soul, a spirit that can be condemned to hellfire or celebrated into paradise. For a similar reason that we as humans shouldn’t treat creature’s superior to people, we ought to be compelled to treat creations like humans (Green, 2010).
Review of JAG officer Ruling
I completely concur with the ruling since the prosecution cannot prove beyond reasonable doubt that Data is not a human being. Data has some characteristics that are also seen in Human beings in terms of Brain functionality and therefore would be unethical to detach it from making its own decision as other humans (Slors, 2013)
References
Green, J. B. (2010). In Search of the Soul: Perspectives on the Mind-Body Problem. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
Jaworski, W. (2016). Structure and the metaphysics of mind: How hylomorphism solves the mind-body problem. Oxford University Press.
Slors, M. V. (2013). The diachronic mind: An essay on personal identity, psychological continuity and the mind-body problem (Vol. 86). Springer Science & Business Media.
Van Oudenhove, L., & Cuypers, S. E. (2010). The philosophical” mind-body problem” and its relevance for the relationship between psychiatry and the neurosciences. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 53(4), 545–557.
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